English Exercises and Notes
martes, 8 de julio de 2014
viernes, 6 de junio de 2014
lunes, 26 de mayo de 2014
REPORTED SPEECH 3
REPORTED SPEECH 2
REPORTED SPEECH 2
REPORTING
QUESTIONS
·
To
change questions from Direct Speech
into Reported Speech, we change
tenses, pronouns, and other words just as in reported statements.
·
Reported questions begin with the reporting
verbs ask, wonder and want to know.
‘Where are you going?’ asked Martha
Martha wanted to know where I was going.
·
Reported questions follow the word order of
affirmative sentences (subject +
verb + object)
There is a full stop, not a question mark at the end of a reported question.
‘Do you play
golf?’ he asked
He
asked me if I played golf.
·
WH- QUESTIONS
When
the direct question begins with a question word (who, what, which, whose, where, when, why, how), the reported
question also begins with the question word.
‘When are they coming back?’ she asked
She wondered when they were coming back.
YES / NO QUESTIONS
When
the direct question does not begin
with a question word, but with an auxiliary verb (do/does, did, have/has, etc.), the reported question begins with if or whether after the reporting
verb.
‘Have you seen John?’ asked Mary
Mary asked me if / whether I has seen John.
REPORTING COMMANDS AND REQUESTS
·
To
change commands from Direct Speech
into Reported Speech, we use tell, order, etc. as reporting verbs.
The imperative becomes a full infinitive.
‘Put that down!’ he said.
He told me to put that
down.
·
To
change requests from Direct Speech
into Reported Speech, we used ask, beg, etc. as reporting verbs. The Imperative becomes a full infinitive.
‘Please open a window,’ she said to me.
She asked me to open a window.
‘Don’t drive so fast,’ she said to him.
She asked him not to drive so
fast.
REPORTED SPEECH 1
REPORTED SPEECH 1
REPORTING
STATEMENTS
·
When
we change a sentence from Direct Speech
to Reported Speech, there are some necessary changes in pronouns and possessive adjectives, verbal tenses and time and place expressions .
Liz said: ' I will be here tomorrow'
Liz said that she would be there the following day.
· When
the reporting verb is in the Past Simple, we make the following
changes:
DIRECT
SPEECH
|
REPORTED
SPEECH
|
||
Present
Simple
|
Julie
said, ‘I play tennis every Saturday.’
|
Past
Simple
|
Julie said (that) she played tennis every Saturday.
|
Present
Progressive
|
John
said, ‘I’m working.’
|
Past
Progressive
|
John
said (that) he was working.
|
Past
Simple
|
Ian
said, ‘I turned the lights off.’
|
Past
Perfect Simple
|
Ian
said (that) he had turned the lights off.
|
Present
Perfect Simple
|
Sandra
said, ‘I’ve never travelled abroad.’
|
Past
Perfect Simple
|
Sandra said (that) she had never
travelled abroad.
|
Present
Perfect Progressive
|
Andy
said, ‘I’ve been waiting for an hour!’
|
Past
Perfect Progressive
|
Andy said (that) he had been
waiting for an hour.
|
Will
|
‘I’ll
wait for you,’ said Alex.
|
Would
|
Alex
said (that) he would wait for me.
|
Can
|
Simon
said, ‘I can’t fix it!’
|
Could
|
Simon
said (that) he couldn’t fix it.
|
May
|
Catherine
said, ‘I may have this number.’
|
Might
|
Catherine said (that) she might
have his number.
|
Must
|
Bill
said, ‘I must work hard!’
|
Had
to
|
Bill
said (that) he had to work hard.
|
Conditional
Sentences Type 1
|
Diane said, ‘If we take a taxi,
we’ll get there quicker.’
|
Conditional
Sentences Type 2
|
Diane said (that) if they took a
taxi, they would get there quicker.
|
This
/ these
|
She
said, ‘These shoes are very tight.’
|
That
/ those
|
She
said (that) those shoes were very tight.
|
Here
|
Eric
said, ‘I saw it here.’
|
There
|
Eric
said (that) he had seen it there.
|
Now
|
Mandy
said, ‘I’ll talk to him now.’
|
Then
|
Mandy
said (that) she would talk to him then.
|
Today
/ tonight
|
Dave
said, ‘They’re arriving tonight.’
|
That
day / that night
|
Dave said (that) they were
arriving that night.
|
Yesterday
|
Donald
said, ‘They arrived yesterday.’
|
The
previous day / the day before
|
Donald said (that) they were
arriving that night.
|
Tomorrow
|
Kate
said, ‘I’ll see them tomorrow.’
|
The
next day / the following day
|
Kate said (that) she would see
them the following day.
|
Last
week / month, etc
|
Ron
said, ‘I saw him last weekend.’
|
The
previous week, etc. / the week, etc. before
|
Ron said (that) he had seen him
the previous weekend.
|
Next
week / month, etc.
|
Paul
said, ‘I’ll be in Brazil next week.’
|
The
following week / month, etc.
|
Paul said (that) he would be in
Brazil the following week.
|
martes, 20 de mayo de 2014
Here you have the answers of the exercises (workbook pg 59).
1. Write True or False, giving evidence from the text fro your answers.
1. False. - ' for the majority of people, even if they work extremely hard all their lives, they won't get
anywhere neat that magic million'.
2. False. - ' Millionaires often started making money and building their business before they left school.'
3. True. - ' At six years old he sold some home-made hand cream to his mother's friends.'
4. False. - ' Whether your family has lots of money or none at all, you can become a millionaire if you have intelligence and ambition.'
2. Write a summary of the text in no more than 50 words. Do not copy from the text.
Suggested answer.
Experts say that you need to be determined and ambitious, and have the right personality. Secondly, you have to start making money when you are young. Finally, ypung people from poor families are more likely to become very rich.
3. Find words or phrases in the text which mean the same as the following.
1. tha majority of people 3 ambition
2. fascinating 4 take risks
4. Write questions to which the answers are:
1. How old was Farrah Gray when he started his own business?
2. When did Farrah Gray become a millionaire?
1. Write True or False, giving evidence from the text fro your answers.
1. False. - ' for the majority of people, even if they work extremely hard all their lives, they won't get
anywhere neat that magic million'.
2. False. - ' Millionaires often started making money and building their business before they left school.'
3. True. - ' At six years old he sold some home-made hand cream to his mother's friends.'
4. False. - ' Whether your family has lots of money or none at all, you can become a millionaire if you have intelligence and ambition.'
2. Write a summary of the text in no more than 50 words. Do not copy from the text.
Suggested answer.
Experts say that you need to be determined and ambitious, and have the right personality. Secondly, you have to start making money when you are young. Finally, ypung people from poor families are more likely to become very rich.
3. Find words or phrases in the text which mean the same as the following.
1. tha majority of people 3 ambition
2. fascinating 4 take risks
4. Write questions to which the answers are:
1. How old was Farrah Gray when he started his own business?
2. When did Farrah Gray become a millionaire?
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